FIFA is set to fund a year-long study exploring whether hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle contribute to the growing number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in women’s football. The research, led by Kingston University London and launching next month, aims to deepen understanding of the potential link between hormonal fluctuations and injury risk.
Studies have shown that female footballers are two to six times more likely to suffer ACL injuries compared to their male counterparts. High-profile players such as Vivianne Miedema, Beth Mead, Leah Williamson, and Sam Kerr have all experienced ACL injuries in the past two years.
Simon Augustus, a senior lecturer in sport biomechanics at Kingston University, explained:
“We want to examine whether athletes may be more predisposed to injuries due to anatomical and physiological changes during their menstrual cycle. Hormonal levels vary throughout the cycle, but we don’t yet know the extent to which these changes may influence injury risk.”
The study will involve athletes from London-based clubs, including Fulham and Chelsea, as well as players from grassroots teams. Participants will undergo regular blood testing and performance assessments.
The research will track hormone levels—particularly oestrogen and progesterone—throughout the menstrual cycle. Previous findings suggest these hormones may affect ligament laxity and neuromuscular control.
Researchers will also examine common injury scenarios, such as sudden changes in direction and landing from headers, to assess whether these are influenced by hormonal phases.
“We’re especially interested in non-contact ACL injuries,” Augustus added. “These are the ones where we might be able to reduce risk through strength training, technique adjustments, or tailored interventions. ACL injuries are complex, so we’re focusing on an individualised approach to prevention.”
The initiative follows a May 2024 study by University College London, the University of Bath, and St Mary’s University, which found that female players were up to six times more likely to sustain muscle injuries in the days leading up to their period compared to during menstruation.
Alongside this project, a separate three-year study is underway, led by the Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA), Fifpro, Nike, and Leeds Beckett University.
This investigation focuses on external factors contributing to ACL injuries, such as access to training facilities, pitch quality, staff-to-player ratios, and unsuitable footwear.
Additionally, Brighton & Hove Albion CEO Paul Barber recently confirmed the club is conducting its own research to ensure the playing surface at its new women’s stadium meets the highest safety standards.
